Chronic pain is one of the primary indicators of a spinal condition. Initially, it may be tolerable, but over time, it can worsen. The need for spinal Arthrodesis is determined when less invasive and conservative treatments have not been successful.
In this case, consulting with Mexico’s top surgeons to receive specialized care with successful outcomes is worth it. Mexico is considered one of the ideal options in medical tourism due to all the advantages that can be leveraged when such medical interventions are required. From competent professionals and advanced healthcare facilities with services that meet the highest standards of health safety to cutting-edge technology in operations and genuinely affordable prices in various specialties.
What is spinal arthrodesis?
Spinal Arthrodesis is a surgery designed to halt movement in a painful vertebral segment, specifically in the lower back. Additionally, this surgical procedure is notable for:
- Improving spinal stability.
- Achieving solid bone fusion that can immobilize the segment.
- Properly correcting anatomical deformities.
- Alleviating nerve compression.
It is an option recommended for degenerative spinal disorders and can be performed through either a conventional open surgical technique or a minimally invasive technique.
Generally, surgical decisions associated with the approach and implants consider various factors. Among them, the reason for the operation, patient anatomy, previous surgical procedures, physician capabilities, and hospital availability stand out.
Spinal Arthrodesis may be considered when abnormal and excessive movement of a vertebral segment can cause intense pain and functional impairment. The purpose is to stabilize the spine in a position close to normal, significantly avoiding any abnormal rotation, nerve compression, and pain.
Indications for accessing this surgery include conditions such as:
- Spinal stenosis.
- Medical emergencies such as tumors and certain types of trauma.
- Discogenic pain or pain originating from a vertebral disc.
- Degenerative disc disease.
How is spinal fusion established?
An operation of this category helps stop movement in a painful segment. Fusion does not occur during the surgery itself but instead establishes ideal conditions for the bone to heal along the vertebral segment, forming bone that replaces the joint.
The bone healing process may take several months to over a year to fully establish. After surgery, several processes can occur:
- The bridge provides rigidity to the spinal segment and can stop any movement in the fused segment.
- A living bone bridge may form between the two surrounding vertebrae.
- Spinal instrumentation is often used to secure the segments while bone fusion occurs (usually screw and rod fixation).
- Depending on the surgical approach, this bridge develops behind the disc between the posterior bony elements, through the disc space, or both.
Use of bone graft
Bone grafts are typically chosen to fuse vertebral bones. They significantly facilitate bone growth through and around the disc, fusing the vertebral bones and allowing immobilization of the movement segment.
Materials used in this case are obtained from the patient’s own bone, donor bone, or synthetic materials commonly populated with the patient’s bone marrow. Due to its effectiveness and safety, autografts are known as a fundamental pattern for vertebral fusions. However, some morbidity is associated with bone graft harvesting, and the supply of patient bone grafts is limited.
Medical instrumentation to secure fused vertebrae
Spinal fusion typically implements certain types of special instruments that help generate additional spinal stability, acting as a type of internal support while bone fusion occurs.
Common implants or prostheses used in this type of surgical procedure include interbody cages, rods, pedicle screws, wires, and hooks.
Success rates based on specific conditions
The effectiveness of spinal arthrodesis varies depending on the underlying pathology:
- Generally, favorable results are achieved when surgery treats spinal deformities and spondylolisthesis.
- Favorable outcomes have been obtained when this medical intervention is used to address cases of patients with degenerative disc pathology and associated disc-related pain.
Much of the fusion surgery is typically determined to treat degenerative spondylolisthesis, a condition in which a vertebra slips over the vertebra beneath it due to age-related changes in the spine.
Factors influencing spinal arthrodesis success
Achieving successful outcomes in vertebral fusion requires various factors, such as:
Pre-Surgical
- Proper diagnosis of the underlying pathology.
- A skilled and qualified specialist.
- Patient selection, considering age, concurrent pathologies, and lifestyle.
- History of previous surgeries.
Surgical
- Scope and type of surgical intervention.
- Application of hardware and instrumentation.
- Number of fused levels.
Post-surgical
- Compliance with post-surgical protocols.
- Degree of adherence to care instructions.
It is important to consult with the surgeon about the surgical intervention and the recovery process to fully understand what to expect before and after surgery.
Stages of bone healing in lumbar spinal fusion surgery
In lumbar spinal arthrodesis, two or more vertebrae are fused to create a stable and solid bone structure. Following this surgery, the bone recovery process involves three phases:
The first stage involves the inflammatory phase, which can last for about five days. Here, a blood clot forms in the treated area. This clot provides a protective barrier and aids in the healing process by infiltrating various proteins and enzymes that allow for the growth of new bone.
The second phase involves the repair stage, which may take about a month. At this point, new bone tissue formation occurs through a process called “osteogenesis,” which creates a bridge over the gap between the fused vertebrae.
Specialized cells (osteoblasts and chondroblasts) produce new bone and cartilage, which can gradually solidify and fuse with the surrounding bone tissue.
The final stage, called “bone remodeling, ” can occur from the 18th day to several months or years after the intervention. During this phase, the new bone tissue can remodel and reinforce gradually in response to the stresses imposed by movement and the weight of the spinal column.
Following the treating physician’s postoperative care instructions, including physiotherapy and activity modification, is important to ensure proper bone healing and significantly reduce health complications.
General measures to consider postoperatively
After undergoing this surgical procedure, it is crucial to consider certain proactive measures to reduce the risk of complications and ensure a satisfactory recovery.
Following the guidelines provided by the respective specialists and adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce the chances of complications after the operation. Some general measures to keep in mind include the following:
Adherence to post-surgical instructions
Strictly following the physician’s recommendations regarding the resumption of routine activities, medication guidelines, wound care, and physiotherapy can promote healing and optimize the fusion process, reducing the risk of infection.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
- Avoiding smoking or nicotine consumption can significantly aid in wound healing and the fusion process.
- Consuming a balanced diet rich in nutrients supports tissue healing and bone strength.
- Staying well-hydrated aids circulation and promotes optimal bodily functions for wound healing.
It is recommended to consider quitting smoking or nicotine consumption before surgery and refrain from smoking during the recovery phase.
Controlling pain and medications
A structured pain management regimen is essential following the operation. Adhering to the prescribed medication program helps maintain a balance between pain control and avoiding dependence on analgesics.
Excessive use of painkillers can lead to complications such as nausea, constipation, and possible addiction. Consideration should be given to alternative techniques for pain management, such as heat therapy, ice packs, relaxation techniques, or physiotherapy exercises. This is to prevent dependence on medications.
Gradually increasing activity
Engaging in appropriate physical activity, guided by a physician, is vital for the healing process. To optimize results, physiotherapy protocols should be considered based on the type of operation.
These protocols involve strengthening the core and spinal column and improving overall body flexibility and strength.
Additionally, cardiovascular and endurance training is also beneficial for preventing recurring injuries.
Maintaining a well-supported posture and body mechanics
Maintaining good posture and proper body mechanics is necessary to reduce tension in the spinal column and promote recovery. In this regard, ergonomic principles can be used to support posture, ensuring proper spinal column alignment and avoiding unnecessary strain.
What should I do to choose Blue Ribbon as my medical provider?
At Blue Ribbon, we are a Medical Network with over 40 certified doctors in Mexico. You can receive specialized care for spinal arthrodesis or any other medical procedure you may require. Not only do we have a highly competent team in the healthcare sector, but we also have the best facilities, fully equipped rooms, a surgical unit in optimal condition, and quality hospital care.
All of this is thanks to the alliance we have with Hospital Velmar. If you choose our services, you can take advantage of multiple benefits to cover the treatment or surgery you need to improve your quality of life.
We can guide you through the entire planning process for this. When you contact us, a coordinator (doctor) will be assigned to guide you and provide you with all the details.
If you are interested in this procedure, don’t hesitate to call us! You can contact us by phone or by filling out the form available on our website.
From the USA, you can call: 213 995 3029. We are located at Arenas 151, Fraccionamiento Playa Ensenada, CP 22880, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.